Poznań is on the brink of a public transport revolution with the development of autonomous trams. Starting next year, the first tests of an advanced tram control system will begin at the Franowo tram depot. Experts from Łukasiewicz – Poznań Institute of Technology and the Municipal Transport Company (MPK) Poznań are collaborating on the project, which aims to introduce autonomous trams to the city’s streets in the future. Poznań continues to lead the way in innovation, further establishing itself as a city focused on sustainable and modern transportation solutions.
Franowo Depot: The Ideal Test Ground
Franowo tram depot, one of the most modern in Poland, will serve as the testing ground for the autonomous tram project. With nearly 14 kilometres of tracks and infrastructure that mimics a small town — complete with pedestrian crossings, traffic signals, and intersections — Franowo provides the perfect controlled environment for conducting the necessary tests.
MPK Poznań has already implemented cutting-edge technology in its depots, including the DMS system, which automates depot management by tracking vehicle locations, scheduling routes, and assigning parking spots. The next step, in collaboration with Łukasiewicz – Poznań Institute of Technology, is to elevate this system towards full automation with the introduction of autonomous tram control.
Collaboration on the development of autonomous rail transport is a natural consequence of the actions already taken. For the research, we provide the Franowo depot, as well as our knowledge and experience in logistics and vehicle operation, along with information on procedures in the depot. We must remember that autonomous vehicles are the future of public transport, but it will still take many years before they can be introduced in complex environments such as urban areas, where there is continuous movement of other vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. However, elements of the system we are working on may be useful much sooner.
Emphasises Krzysztof Dostatni, President of MPK Poznań.
From Virtual Simulations to Reality
The initial phase of testing will focus on logistics and virtual simulations, allowing experts to model real-life scenarios that trams encounter within the depot and that could also affect autonomous trams in the future. This data-driven approach will ensure that the system is robust and safe. Scientists from Łukasiewicz – Poznań Institute of Technology will develop algorithms and electronic components to control the vehicle’s movements, including automatic recognition of traffic signals, stopping at designated points, and reacting to potential dangers, such as pedestrians entering the track or vehicles running red lights.
The testing process will include scenario analysis in various weather and traffic conditions, including extreme situations. AI-based solutions will be employed to detect hazards and support decision-making by the tram’s autonomous system.
The Future of Public Transport in Poznań
The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a universal system that can be installed on almost any tram, making it adaptable for use across different cities and transport systems. According to Dr. Rafał Cichy, Director of the Łukasiewicz – Poznań Institute of Technology, safety will be the primary concern. Autonomous trams will only be allowed on the streets once all systems have been thoroughly tested and deemed reliable for everyday use.
The project aims to develop a system that can be installed in almost any vehicle. Our goal is to create a universal tool so that transport operators can apply it to their existing fleet. The tram will not hit the tracks until we are sure it is safe and its operation is fully under control. Ensuring the safety of passengers and the surrounding environment is key.
Says Dr. Rafał Cichy.
Initially, the autonomous tram will operate exclusively within the depot. However, if the trials are successful, Poznań may one day see these driverless trams navigating the city streets, improving public transport efficiency and safety for both passengers and pedestrians.
Autonomous Transport: A Long-Term Vision
Though the current focus is on depot testing, the long-term vision is much broader. The project is part of a larger European trend towards autonomous rail transport, with similar projects being tested in other cities. In 2018, Potsdam in Germany was the first to test an autonomous tram in real traffic conditions. Now, Poznań aims to follow suit and contribute to the future of autonomous public transport.
Autonomous rail vehicles are already in use in various cities, primarily on metro lines and airport shuttles. Poznań’s ambition is to bring this innovation to urban tram networks, creating a system that not only improves efficiency but also enhances safety and environmental sustainability.
What’s Next?
The introduction of autonomous trams in Poznań is still a multi-year project, but the first tests at the Franowo depot mark a crucial step forward. If successful, this technology could transform how public transport operates in the city. By leveraging AI and cutting-edge technology, Poznań is positioning itself as a forward-thinking city, ready to embrace the future of urban mobility.
This project highlights the city’s ongoing commitment to modernising its transport infrastructure, benefiting both residents and the environment.
